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Biotech / Biomedical: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Stem Cell Pros and Cons
A discussion of the pros and cons in the ethical debate over stem cell research.
Make a Phosphate Buffer
Follow these instructions on how to make phosphate buffers for biological applications at near neutral pH, or adapt them for making any other buffer using a weak acid / conjugate base pair.
What are GMOs?
GMOs are making news nearly every day and issues surrounding their safety are a source of ongoing debate in the food and biotechnology industry. Read about what GMOs are and why they are a source of bioethical controversy.
Everyday Enzyme Products
A list of common products of enzyme biotechnology that are used every day in and around the home, such as paper products, detergents, textiles and foods and beverages. These household items are the result of commercialization of natural and recombinant enzymes produced by genetic protein engineering.
Enzymes
An explanation of what enzymes are, their basic structure, and how they function in cellular processes.
Dairy Industry Enzymes
A description of the types of enzymes used in the dairy industry and their role in the production of cheese, yogurt and other food products.
Essentials for Gene Cloning
Essential laboratory procedures for cloning and studying genes. Six biotechnology research methods that enable gene cloning. General molecular genetics techniques.
Make a Tris Buffer
Tris is a chemical with basic properties, having a pKa of 8.1. It can be used to buffer solutions from drastic pH changes, keeping them in the pH range of 7.0 to 9.0. Make any Tris-HCl buffer in this pH range, at any molarity using these simple steps.
Smart Polymers
An explanation of how smart polymers are specially designed stimulus-responsive macromolecules with an unlimited number of potential applications in biotechnology.
Protein Purification Methods
Methods of protein purification for biotechnology laboratory applications.
DNA Sequencing
An explanation of how DNA sequencing works.
Make TAE Buffer
Simple instructions on making stock and working solutions of Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer for gel electrophoresis.
What is Biotechnology?
Definition of biotechnology and a description of the biotech industry in modern times.
Make TBE Buffer
Simple instructions on how to make stock and working solutions of tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer for gel electrophoresis separation of DNA.
Reasons to use E. coli
Five reasons the microorganism E. coli is so widely used in protein engineering and genetic research.
Proteins
A brief explanation of what proteins are, their composition and the many roles they play in cellular processes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Learn the basic theory behind the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR technique for making multiple copies of a gene from a sample of DNA.
Specific Activity
A definition of specific activity as it applies to proteins and enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions.
Separate DNA With Agarose Gels
Follow these simple steps for running an agarose gel to separate and visualize different size DNA strands.
Nanomedicine
How nanotechnology is being applied to nanomedicine and the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Agricultural Biotech
A list of agricultural applications for biotechnology research.
Xenotransplants
A discussion of the ethical and practical issues surrounding the use of animal organs for human transplants (xenotransplantation).
Classes of Nanoparticles
A summary and classification of the nanoparticles most commonly used in nanomedical research and other biotechnological applications.
Enzymes in the Diary Industry
A description of the most commonly used enzymes in the dairy industry, their sources, applications and notes on genetic modifications that have been made to improve processes.
RFLP
A description of the molecular technique known as RFLP and brief explanation of the theory behind the methodology.
DNA Fingerprinting
Explanation of the term DNA fingerprinting and a brief description of the methodology.
Get ISO 9001:2000 QMS
Follow these steps to becoming ISO certified for 9001:2000 Quality Management Standards (QMS).
Restriction Enzymes Explained
An explanation of a special class of enzymes known as the restriction endonucleases.
Reasons to Get ISO QMS
Ten reasons why your company should be certified for ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Standards (QMS).
Bioethics
The term bioethics defined.
Write a Business Plan
Every biotech startup should begin with a thorough business plan to guide the achievement of milestones and obtaining research funding by satisfying potential venture and angel investors, granting agencies and loan institutions. Check this planning outline for a list of items to include in your business plan.
Early Biotechnology
Five examples of early biotechnological practices that were in place long before the term "biotechnology" was applied.
Nanoparticle Safety
An outline of what nanoparticles are, how they are applied in biotechnology and safety issues surrounding their use.
Fermentation
A broad definition of fermentation in both general and more scientific terms.
Therapeutic Cloning
A definition for therapeutic cloning with an explanation of how stem cell research might be used to cure various diseases and repair damaged cells, tissues and organs.
Conjugation
Conjugation in bacteria is defined with an explanation of how genetic material is shared between cells.
What are Vero Cells?
An explanation of the vero cell line and the use of vero cells in generating vaccines.
Determining Titer
A simple explanation of how titer is determined, during bioproduct production in the biomedical industry, for antibodies, other proteins and other biological substances.
Human Genome
In 1990, a project was initiated to determine the entire sequence of DNA making up the human genome. The human genome project involved participants from laboratories worldwide and resulted in significant advances in DNA screening and sequencing technologies, in addition to the discovery of thousands of new genes.
Transcription Factors
Transcription factors are important molecules, usually proteins, involved in controlling gene expression by RNA polymerase. In eukaryotic cells they bind to promoter regions on the DNA.
Hydrolysis
A definition for enzyme hydrolysis, to explain what kind of biochemical reaction hydrolases catalyze and how that is useful to biotechnology applications.
Parkinson's
Causes, symptoms and treatments for the neurodegenerative "shaking palsy" known as Parkinson's disease are described. Specific genes involved in the progression of the disorder are named and their roles in the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells of the brain, are described.
Orphan Drugs
Orphan Drug Status is given to certain drugs undergoing development in the pharmaceutical industry. Find out what Orphan Drug Status is and what incentives are available to biotech companies obtaining this designation from the US FDA.
Adverse Events Reports
Find out what a SUSAR is and what the list of the qualifiers are for filing a SUSAR during a clinical drug trial.
Xenotransplantation
An explanation for xenotransplantation and the bioethical issues surrounding the use of animal organs and tissues for human transplants.
Retroviruses
Retroviruses are a special type of RNA virus, that replicate their genome by reverse transcription of their RNA to form DNA which is then incorporated into the genome and transcribed by the host cells which the virus inhabits.
Why Stem Cells?
Stem cell research and regenerative medicine is a controversial bioethical issue in the biomedical field. Find out why doctors and scientists are excited about the future of stem cells and medicine.
Reasons to do a Ph.D.
For those considering doctoral studies, here are five reasons to go all the way in graduate school and complete a Ph.D.
Participate in a Drug Trial
Links to websites listing current and upcoming drug trials and how to become a participating subject. In addition, some sites contain new drug approval news, information on drug interactions, and clinical research job listings.
Cancer
A brief description of cancer, progression of the disease, and possible causes.
Biotechnology Clusters in NA
A list of the top biotechnology hubs in North America. Each cluster is an active site of R&D, job and investment opportunities in the life sciences or agricultural biotech.
PCR
A definition of the molecular technique known as PCR and its usefulness in various biotechnology applications, forensic science and environmental research.
Financing a Startup
An outline suggesting five funding sources for financing a new startup Biotech company.
Dirty Electricity and Health
An interview with Dr. Magda Havas, a scientist from Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, and a world leader in research on the biological effects of exposure to dirty electricity.
Designer Babies
Developments in stem cell research and in vitro techniques for reproduction have led us to the theory that sometime in the near future, wanna-be parents will be able to create designer babies with the specific traits they desire.
Enzyme Optimization
Four approaches to optimizing an enzyme process for commercial production, ranging from natural selection to fine-tuned molecular-level genetic manipulations.
Polymers
An explanation for what polymers are and their monomer composition. A definition including descriptions of different types of natural (carbohydrate, protein) and synthetic (plastics) polymers.
Transcription
A brief description of transcription as it applies to either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
Nanotech and Stem Cells
A summary of potential uses for nanotechnology in stem cell applications such as tracking and labeling, delivery and controlling the extracellular environment by creating artifical scaffolds or platforms for directing cell differentiation, migration and adhesion. Toxicity of nanoparticles to stem cells is also discussed.
Green Investments
A list of suggestions for where to find green products and services within the biotechnology sector, for those wishing to invest in environmentally friendly technologies.
Novozymes
A case study on the Danish bioproducts company, Novozymes, a global leader in enzyme technology, and producer of recombinant enzymes for industrial uses such as detergents, animal feed and biofuel production. The former leader in insulin production is renowned for its focus on environmental and social sustainability.
Phytoremediation
Descriptions for six different types of phytoremediation.
Sustainability
Sustainability is defined in terms of corporate sustainability and business approaches that take into account the environmental, social and economic impacts of decisions and processes.
Biotech / Biomedical - Articles
An index of articles for the Biotech / Biomedical guide site.
Career Opportunities
A review of the book "Career Opportunities in Biotechnology and Drug Development", by Toby Freedman. This book, for the job seeker and student, describes how to find work in the biotech industry, different types of jobs, the responsibilities and challenges of each position, what to expect, and pros and cons associated with each career choice.
Thermophilic
A definition of the term thermophilic, as it applies to biotechnology research and industrial applications using microorganisms and their enzymes from extreme environments.
ISO Certification
Explanation of the ISO standards and QMS certification
Discovery of Genes
Experiments with chromosomal material that were primarily responsible for the establishment of DNA as the component that encodes for the structures of proteins.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation is explained as a branch of environmental biotechnology in which contaminated soil, air and water are treated.
Epigenetics
A definition of the term epigenetics, and how epigenetic marks in eukaryotes control transcription. Also discussed are the relationships between studies of how gene expression is regulated, stem cell research, and cloning.
Revivicor
Stem cell research that bypasses the ethical issues surrounding use of embryonic tissues, as is done in therapeutic cloning. The regenerative medicine project is based on the process of de-differentiation of skin cells, to produce stem cells.
SWOT
A SWOT analysis is a business tool for strategic planning.
Regenerative Medicine
An explanation of how stem cells are used for regenerative medicine with examples of the biomedical applications for the biotechnology.
Titer
A definition for titer as it applies to the biomedical industry and production of antibodies, proteins, antibiotics and other bioproducts.
Bioindicators
An introduction to bioindicators and how they are used in the biotechnology industry to detect physiological responses to cellular stressors.
Genencor
Genencor is a biotechnology company specializing in industrial enzymes and environmentally-friendly processes. Their innovative approach to biofuel production has led to development of the Accellerase 1000 enzyme product which results in enhanced bioethanol production from cellulosic feedstocks.
Active Ingredients
Active ingredients refers to the chemical makeup of drugs.
What is Zoning?
An explanation of what zoning is, and how it affects commercial land use.
Invest in Biotech
A guide to getting started investing money in biotech with things to consider before investing in biotech companies or buying biotechnology stocks.
Reasons to Consider Biotech
For anyone interested in investing in, or thinking of pursuing a career in biotech, whether at a large company or a small startup, here are five positive indicators of how viable the industry is today.
Pharmacokinetics Defined
Pharmacokinetics is defined as the study of the action of drugs or medicines in living organisms.
What Investors Want
Before approaching a biotech Venture Capitalist for research funding, familiarize yourself with the criteria commonly looked for in startup companies. Compliance with these priorities will increase your chances of attracting investors.
Freeze Dry a Culture
Quick step by step instructions for preservation of bacterial, fungal or yeast cell cultures, by freeze drying (lyophilization).
Extremophiles
A definition for the term extremophile.
Milestones
Most venture investors will insist on setting a number of milestones when agreeing to invest in a biotech startup. This list outlines some common milestones that might be set as deliverables in a venture capital contract.
Common Biotech Terms
A collection of "general knowledge" biotechnology terms that everyone should be familiar with to understand information you might find in the news.
NIH Data Sharing Policies
Resources for determining data sharing requirements of NIH grant recipients.
Biotech / Biomedical - HowTos
An index of HowTos for the Biotech / Biomedical guide site.
siRNA
As description of the uses of si RNA, or small interfering RNA as a molecular genetics research tool and inhibitor of protein production.
Best Biotech Stocks 2008
To help out potential investors chose which shares to buy, here is a list of six of the best biotechnology stocks, for small startups, based on earnings and performance on the stock exchange in 2008.
Science and Law
The high demand for legal professionals with science and technology backgrounds is explained and career expectations for individuals studying science and law are discussed.
Advanced Cell Technology
A case study of one of the forerunners in stem cell technologies specializing in regenerative medicine.
Nanotechnology
Definition of nanotechnology.
Lyophilization
A definition of lyophilization as it applies to the preservation and storage of microbial cell cultures.
Pipelines
An explanation for what pipelines are as they apply to new drug development in the biotechnology industry and how they are used to describe the research and development progress of biotech companies.
Pluripotent
Definition for the term pluripotent as it relates to stem cells and their differentiation.
Biotech / Biomedical - Issues
An index of Issues for the Biotech / Biomedical guide site.
Choosing Biotech Stocks
Investing in biotechnology can be a risky business. The following list outlines some suggested criteria to consider when choosing which biotech stocks to buy.
Biotech and Food Production
food biotechnology, antibiotic plastics, packaging, gmos, transgenic plants, pathogen resistance, potable water, cryptosporidium, monoclonal antibodies, lycopene, tomatoes, siRNA, hydrogenated oil, vegetable oils, stearic acid, saturated fatty acids, smart polymers, biofilms, food, water, pathogens, antibodies, oils
RFPs
Staff and company qualifications are important and should be requested in an RFP when soliciting contract service/ manufacturing organizations for outsourced work.
Iogen
Iogen is a world leader in industrial enzymatic processes, in particular cellulosic ethanol.
Before You Lease
Practical items to consider before agreeing to lease a laboratory space for your new startup biotech company.
IPSCs
A quick discussion on what IPSCs are and how they are used in stem cell research, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Why Use PAT
PAT (Process Analytical Technology) refers to the use of chemical analyses mid-process, to determine parameters that are directly related to product quality, allowing mid-stream adjustments to be made. Use of PAT leads to improved monitoring and control of the final product.
Transgenic
Transgenic defined, in reference to genetically modified organisms and how they are altered.
Dr. Carver: Scientist
The history of biotechnology began with George Washington Carver, the first scientist to concentrate on the development of bioproducts.
Proteomics
Large-scale studies of proteins including determining their structure and function, how they are expressed, in what amounts, and how they interact with each other.
Ligands
A descriptive definition of ligands and the role they play in biotechnology, particularly in relation to enzyme functions and the catalysis of biochemical reactions.
Worst Biotech Stocks 2008
To help out potential investors chose which shares to buy, here is a list of five of the worst biotechnology stocks, for small startups, based on earnings and performance on the stock exchange in 2008.
Venture Capital
An explanation of venture capital.
The Skills for a Startup
Advice to those interested in a career in biotechnology, with a biotech startup, or looking to start their own company. Biotech startups require innovative, versatile people able to fulfill a variety of responsibilities and do a lot of different jobs, like the ones listed here.
What is ACI?
ACI, or Active Cellular Immunotherapy is a new development in biomedical research and is being applied for treatment of cancer. Also known as Active Specific Immunotherapy.
Outsourcing Options
A list of potential contract service options for biotechnology companies looking for ways of outsourcing drug development or manufacturing processes to a CSO.
Superior PCR
Adjustments to any of the components of a PCR reaction can alter the quality of the outcome, either improving or diminishing the product yield and quality, or reaction specificity and sensitivity. Parameters that influence the end result can be either physical (i.e. temperature, cycle times) or chemical (i.e. nucleotide or template concentration, type of polymerase enzyme used). The following are several key factors that influence the success of PCR.
Loading Agarose Gels
Quick tips for neatly loading DNA samples into agarose gels.
Sterile Freeze Drying
A handy new invention that makes it easier to avoid contamination and perform lyophilization (freeze drying) of cell cultures under sterile conditions.
IPO
Initial public offering, or IPO, is a commonly used term when referring to new companies and their entry into the stock exchange, but what exactly is an IPO?
Sequester
An explanation for the word sequester as it is applied in scientific terms in the biotechnology and bioremediation industries.
IP
An explanation for IP as it relates to the biotechnology industry.
pH Indicators
Some common pH indicators with near neutral pka values, and pH ranges making them suitable for use in colorimetric bioassays.
Virtual Businesses
Virtual companies are formed using a business model that takes advantage of the availability of suitable contract organizations for outsourcing all aspects of the biotechnology business.
Parents in Grad School
Things to consider when making the decision whether to pursue graduate studies in biotechnology while in the process of raising a family.
GeoVax
A case study of GeoVax Labs Inc., a leader in HIV vaccine development.
Helicos
A case study and company history of Helicos BioSciences Corporation, specialists in single molecule technology, sequencing by synthesis and the innovators of a technique for true single molecule sequencing.
XML Authoring
Why should biotech startups apply XML authoring to their data, document, and business management strategies from the very beginning, and what exactly does this mean?
Blastocyst
Blastocyst definition and a description of how embryos at this stage of development are used in stem cell research.
Used Lab Equipment
A list of resources and suggestions for finding used lab equipment.
Biotech and Holiday Meals
Biotechnology is part of our everyday lives, Christmas included. In addition to the more familiar products of biotechnology, some of the more traditional Christmas foods, some dating back centuries, incorporate the use of microorganisms and a knowledge of how to control them. These include Christmas cake (plum pudding), wassail, jellies, cheeses, and stollen.
Roles of Venture Investors
A list of the roles that biotech venture investors play in the development of early- and mid-stage startups. The benefits, and some of the shortfalls, to obtaining venture capital funding for R&D and to promote the growth of a company, are outlined.
Membrane Bioreactors
Membrane reactors are frequently used by biotechnology companies as part of their Process Intensification strategy.
Statistics in Research
A review of the book "Statistics in Research and Development" by Roland Caulcutt, which describes, with relevant examples, how to do data analysis in an experimental research setting, particularly for pharmaceutical drug trials.
Stem Cell Cultures
A quick tip on optimizing stem cell proliferation in your bioprocessing unit by controlling oxygen tension in the growth medium.
Approaching a VC
Take a professional, organized approach when seeking venture capital investment funds for your startup biotech company.
SARS
An explanation for the acronym SARS and description of the causes and symptoms of the respiratory disease.
Laboratory Notebooks
A list of required contents for a properly maintained laboratory notebook, containing records of research activities in a biotech laboratory.
Dendreon Corporation
A case study of Dendreon Corporation and their novel Active Cellular Immunotherapies (ACIs) for treatment of various types of cancer. The biotechnology company's pipeline products are discussed, including the controvery surrounding PROvenge, for prostate cancer, and the most promising and advanced drug in the portfolio.
Knockouts
Gene knockouts are useful tools for studying the causes of genetic diseases, but what exactly are they?
Polymorphism
The genetic term polymorphism refers to the discovery that there may be several variations in gene sequence for a specific protein.
Translational Research
A definition for the biomedical term translational research.
Type 1 Diabetes
An explanation of what causes Type 1 Diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes
An explanation of the causes and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes.
Hepatitis C
An explanation of the viral infection Hepatitis C including causes and symptoms of the disease.
Networking
By definition, networking provides benefits to both you and your contacts. In the biotechnology industry, the contacts made through networking might become mentors, provide job referrals or research funding, trade laboratory equipment, and more.
BIO World Congress 2008
A review of the 2008 Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing.
Fireflies and Biotechnology
Fireflies are nocturnal flying beetles that generate light in their abdomen, via a chemical reaction. Find out how firefly luminescence has become a widely used tool in biotechnology.
Precautionary Principle
The Precautionary Principle is explained in terms of how it is used in risk assessment and how it might apply to new biotechnologies, particularly nanotechnology, where insufficient scientific data is available to ensure public health and safety and the absence of toxicological effects.
CSO
A definition for CSO as it applies to outsourcing and biotech service providers in the pharmaceutical industry.
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