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Biotech / Biomedical: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Stem Cell Pros and Cons
A discussion of the pros and cons in the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell research and biomedical research using other types of stem cells.
Everyday Enzyme Products
A list of common products of enzyme biotechnology that are used every day in and around the home, such as paper products, detergents, textiles and foods and beverages. These household items are the result of commercialization of natural and recombinant enzymes produced by genetic protein engineering.
Make TAE Buffer
Simple instructions on making stock and working solutions of Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer for gel electrophoresis.
Make a Phosphate Buffer
Follow these instructions on how to make phosphate buffers for biological applications at near neutral pH, or adapt them for making any other buffer using a weak acid / conjugate base pair.
What are GMOs?
GMOs are making news nearly every day and issues surrounding their safety are a source of ongoing debate in the food and biotechnology industry. Read about what GMOs are and why they are a source of bioethical controversy.
Enzymes
An explanation of what enzymes are, their basic structure, and how they function in cellular processes.
Protein Purification Methods
Methods of protein purification for biotechnology laboratory applications.
Tools for Protein Engineering
Essential laboratory procedures for genetic engineering. Molecular genetics techniques commonly used in biotechnology research that enable gene cloning.
Make a Tris Buffer
Tris is a chemical with basic properties, having a pKa of 8.1. It can be used to buffer solutions from drastic pH changes, keeping them in the pH range of 7.0 to 9.0. Make any Tris-HCl buffer in this pH range, at any molarity using these simple steps.
Make TBE Buffer
Simple instructions on how to make stock and working solutions of tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer for gel electrophoresis separation of DNA.
Dairy Industry Enzymes
A description of the types of enzymes used in the dairy industry and their role in the production of cheese, yogurt and other food products.
Restriction Enzymes Explained
An explanation of a special class of enzymes known as the restriction endonucleases.
Proteins
A brief explanation of what proteins are, their composition and the many roles they play in cellular processes.
Specific Activity
A definition of specific activity as it applies to proteins and enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions.
DNA Sequencing Methods
Different DNA sequencing methods described.
Adverse Events Reports
Find out what a SUSAR is and what the list of the qualifiers are for filing a SUSAR during a clinical drug trial.
Get ISO 9001:2000 QMS
Follow these steps to becoming ISO certified for 9001:2000 Quality Management Standards (QMS).
Sodium Citrate Buffer
Six simple steps to make sodium citrate buffer for RNA isolation or antigen detection.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Learn the basic theory behind the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR technique for making multiple copies of a gene from a sample of DNA.
Reasons to Get ISO QMS
Ten reasons why your company should be certified for ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Standards (QMS).
Reasons to use E. coli
Five reasons the microorganism E. coli is so widely used in protein engineering and genetic research.
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles used in nanomedical research and other biotechnological applications.
Nanomedicine
How nanotechnology is being applied to nanomedicine and the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Transcription Factors
Transcription factors are important molecules, usually proteins, involved in controlling gene expression by RNA polymerase. In eukaryotic cells they bind to promoter regions on the DNA.
Agricultural Biotech
A list of agricultural applications for biotechnology research.
Participate in a Drug Trial
Links to websites listing current and upcoming drug trials and how to become a participating subject. In addition, some sites contain new drug approval news, information on drug interactions, and clinical research job listings.
Xenotransplants
A discussion of the ethical and practical issues surrounding the use of animal organs for human transplants (xenotransplantation).
Orphan Drugs
Orphan Drug Status is given to certain drugs undergoing development in the pharmaceutical industry. Find out what Orphan Drug Status is and what incentives are available to biotech companies obtaining this designation from the US FDA.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation is explained as a branch of environmental biotechnology in which contaminated soil, air and water are treated.
Biotech and Food Production
food biotechnology, antibiotic plastics, packaging, gmos, transgenic plants, pathogen resistance, potable water, cryptosporidium, monoclonal antibodies, lycopene, tomatoes, siRNA, hydrogenated oil, vegetable oils, stearic acid, saturated fatty acids, smart polymers, biofilms, food, water, pathogens, antibodies, oils
Separate DNA With Agarose Gels
Follow these simple steps for running an agarose gel to separate and visualize different size DNA strands.
PCR
A definition of the molecular technique known as PCR and its usefulness in various biotechnology applications, forensic science and environmental research.
Determining Titer
A simple explanation of how titer is determined, during bioproduct production in the biomedical industry, for antibodies, other proteins and other biological substances.
Retroviruses
Retroviruses are a special type of RNA virus, that replicate their genome by reverse transcription of their RNA to form DNA which is then incorporated into the genome and transcribed by the host cells which the virus inhabits.
What is Biotechnology?
Definition of biotechnology and a description of the various aspects of the biotech industry.
Early Biotechnology
There are many important discoveries that have played big roles in the evolution of the biotechnology
Nanoparticle Safety
An outline of what nanoparticles are, how they are applied in biotechnology and safety issues surrounding their use.
Freeze Dry a Culture
Quick step by step instructions for preservation of bacterial, fungal or yeast cell cultures, by freeze drying (lyophilization).
RFLP
A description of the molecular technique known as RFLP and brief explanation of the theory behind the methodology.
Science and Law
The high demand for legal professionals with science and technology backgrounds is explained and career expectations for individuals studying science and law are discussed.
DNA Fingerprinting
Explanation of the term DNA fingerprinting and a brief description of the methodology.
Bioindicators
An introduction to bioindicators and how they are used in the biotechnology industry to detect physiological responses to cellular stressors.
Bioethics
The term bioethics defined.
Next Generation Sequencing
The DNA Sequencing Market According to Life Science Market research firm Decibio , the DNA sequencing
PBS Buffer
PBS is a commonly used buffer for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, used as a wash solution and for diluting antibodies.
Superior PCR
Adjustments to any of the components of a PCR reaction can alter the quality of the outcome, either improving or diminishing the product yield and quality, or reaction specificity and sensitivity. Parameters that influence the end result can be either physical (i.e. temperature, cycle times) or chemical (i.e. nucleotide or template concentration, type of polymerase enzyme used). The following are several key factors that influence the success of PCR.
Reasons to do a Ph.D.
For those considering doctoral studies, here are five reasons to go all the way in graduate school and complete a Ph.D.
Fermentation
A broad definition of fermentation in both general and more scientific terms.
siRNA
What is siRNA, or small interfering RNA and how is it used as a molecular genetics research tool in the process called RNA interference?
Polymers
An explanation for what polymers are and their monomer composition. A definition including descriptions of different types of natural (carbohydrate, protein) and synthetic (plastics) polymers.
Xenotransplantation
An explanation for xenotransplantation and the bioethical issues surrounding the use of animal organs and tissues for human transplants.
Polymorphism
The genetic term polymorphism refers to the discovery that there may be several variations in gene sequence for a specific protein.
Biotechnology Clusters in NA
A list of the top biotechnology hubs in North America. Each cluster is an active site of R&D, job and investment opportunities in the life sciences or agricultural biotech.
Financing a Startup
An outline suggesting five funding sources for financing a new startup Biotech company.
Biotech Overview
This article provides a summary or overview of biotechnology or biotech with a description of the start of biotechnology, development of commercial biotechnology, and an overview of the biotech industry. It includes brief summaries of the methods that comprise biotechnology and genetic engineering, biotechnology companies, the medical biotech and agricultural biotechnology industry segments, what a biotech start-up is, GMOs, transgenic organisms, and the connection between biotechnology and drug development.
siRNA and miRNA
Is there a difference between small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA)?
Microinjection
Use of DNA microinjection techniques for gene transfer and creation of transgenic animals.
Enzymes in the Diary Industry
A description of the most commonly used enzymes in the dairy industry, their sources, applications and notes on genetic modifications that have been made to improve processes.
Discovery of Genes
Experiments with chromosomal material that were primarily responsible for the establishment of DNA as the component that encodes for the structures of proteins.
Phytoremediation
Descriptions for six different types of phytoremediation.
Enzyme Optimization
Four approaches to optimizing an enzyme process for commercial production, ranging from natural selection to fine-tuned molecular-level genetic manipulations.
DNA Stains
A list of the different dyes or stains for visualizing DNA.
Active Ingredients
Active ingredients refers to the chemical makeup of drugs.
Pipelines
An explanation for what pipelines are as they apply to new drug development in the biotechnology industry and how they are used to describe the research and development progress of biotech companies.
Write a Business Plan
Every biotech startup should begin with a thorough business plan to guide the achievement of milestones and obtaining research funding by satisfying potential venture and angel investors, granting agencies and loan institutions. Check this planning outline for a list of items to include in your business plan.
What is Zoning?
An explanation of what zoning is, and how it affects commercial land use.
Epigenetics
A definition of the term epigenetics, and how epigenetic marks in eukaryotes control transcription. Also discussed are the relationships between studies of how gene expression is regulated, stem cell research, and cloning.
Sustainability
Sustainability is defined in terms of corporate activities and sustainabile business approaches that take into account the environmental, social and economic impacts of decisions and processes.
Transcription
Transcription is the first step in gene expression, resulting in the formation of RNA and, ultimately protein synthesis.
What are Vero Cells?
An explanation of the vero cell line and the use of vero cells in generating vaccines.
Novozymes
A case study on the Danish bioproducts company, Novozymes, a global leader in enzyme technology, and producer of recombinant enzymes for industrial uses such as detergents, animal feed and biofuel production. The former leader in insulin production is renowned for its focus on environmental and social sustainability.
Gene Therapy
After the death of several patients during gene therapy trials at the start of the century, there have been several promising trials indicating this approach may be ready for general medical use.
Business Models
Platform, Product and Vertical strategies make up three major biotechnology business models.
Titer
A definition for titer as it applies to the biomedical industry and production of antibodies, proteins, antibiotics and other bioproducts.
Parkinson's
Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disease that appears when certain nerve cells of the brain, in a region
Smart Polymers
An explanation of how smart polymers are specially designed stimulus-responsive macromolecules with an unlimited number of potential applications in biotechnology.
Hydrolysis
A definition for enzyme hydrolysis, to explain what kind of biochemical reaction hydrolases catalyze and how that is useful to biotechnology applications.
IPSCs
A quick discussion on what IPSCs are and how they are used in stem cell research, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Affymetrix Profile
The company that introduced microarray technology for genetic analysis is facing hard times as much of the market is supplanted by next generation sequencing. Does Affymetrix have a plan?
Plasmids
The role of plasmids as vectors for gene transfer.
Invest in Biotech
Pointers on how to invest in biotech with things to consider before investing in biotech companies or buying biotechnology stocks.
Roles of Venture Investors
A list of the roles that biotech venture investors play in the development of early- and mid-stage startups. The benefits, and some of the shortfalls, to obtaining venture capital funding for R&D and to promote the growth of a company, are outlined.
Cancer
A brief description of cancer, progression of the disease, and possible causes.
Lyophilization
A definition of lyophilization as it applies to the preservation and storage of microbial cell cultures.
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes and buckyballs belong to a class of carbon-based nanoparticles known as the fullerenes.
Research Focuses for Cancer Therapies
What aspects of cancer are researchers focusing on to develop new cancer treatments? In the last couple decades, much has been learned about cancer cell biology. This research is providing a basis for new treatments that target the basic biology of cancer.
Delivering New Genes
Gene therapy offers real promise for curing genetic disorders and treating a wider range diseases. How are new functional genes are put into a patients cells? This article describes the main viral DNA vectors used to make the genetic changes required for gene therapy.
Proteomics
Large-scale studies of proteins including determining their structure and function, how they are expressed, in what amounts, and how they interact with each other.
Ligands
A descriptive definition of ligands and the role they play in biotechnology, particularly in relation to enzyme functions and the catalysis of biochemical reactions.
Conjugation
Conjugation in bacteria is defined with an explanation of how genetic material is shared between cells.
What Investors Want
Before approaching a biotech Venture Capitalist for research funding, familiarize yourself with the criteria commonly looked for in startup companies. Compliance with these priorities will increase your chances of attracting investors.
ISO Certification
Explanation of the ISO standards and QMS certification
Choosing Biotech Stocks
Investing in biotechnology can be a risky business. The following list outlines some suggested criteria to consider when choosing which biotech stocks to buy.
Vectors
Vectors are tools for gene transfer during cloning.
Green Investments
Green products and services produced by the biotechnology industry, for those wishing to invest in environmentally friendly technologies.
IPO
Initial public offering, or IPO, is a commonly used term when referring to new companies and their entry into the stock exchange, but what exactly is an IPO?
Human Genome
In 1990, a project was initiated to determine the entire sequence of DNA making up the human genome. The human genome project involved participants from laboratories worldwide and resulted in significant advances in DNA screening and sequencing technologies, in addition to the discovery of thousands of new genes.
SWOT
A SWOT analysis is a business tool for strategic planning.
Thermophilic
A definition of the term thermophilic, as it applies to biotechnology research and industrial applications using microorganisms and their enzymes from extreme environments.
Epigenetic Inheritance
Can a parent's life experience affect the genetic traits they pass onto their children? While gene sequences don't change with life experience, epigenetic mark-ups that specific gene expression patterns do, and these changes are sometime heritable.
Reasons to Consider Biotech
For anyone interested in investing in, or thinking of pursuing a career in biotech, whether at a large company or a small startup, here are five positive indicators of how viable the industry is today.
Therapeutic Cloning
A definition for therapeutic cloning with an explanation of how stem cell research might be used to cure various diseases and repair damaged cells, tissues and organs.
Advantages to Hydrogels
Once used for simple encapsulation of cells or drugs, in homogeneous materials, todays hydrogels are more complex smart polymers with different types of ligands and cross-links allowing for highly regulated structures and different bioresponsive functionalities. What makes hydrogels such a great choice for development of therapeutic devices?
Translation
The second step in the protein synthesis process, wherein the genetic code of the transcribed mRNA sequence is translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide sequence.
RFPs
A list of items to include in a request for proposals (RFP) when soliciting contract service/ manufacturing organizations for outsourced work including scope of the project, deadlines for submission, fee schedules and required documentation.
Fireflies and Biotechnology
Fireflies are nocturnal flying beetles that generate light in their abdomen, via a chemical reaction. Find out how firefly luminescence has become a widely used tool in biotechnology.
Precautionary Principle
The Precautionary Principle is explained in terms of how it is used in risk assessment and how it might apply to new biotechnologies, particularly nanotechnology, where insufficient scientific data is available to ensure public health and safety and the absence of toxicological effects.
Common Biotech Terms
You read about advances in biotechnology every day in the newspaper, and hear about it on TV, but sometimes
The Skills for a Startup
Advice to those interested in a career in biotechnology, with a biotech startup, or looking to start their own company. Biotech startups require innovative, versatile people able to fulfill a variety of responsibilities and do a lot of different jobs, like the ones listed here.
What is DNA?
What is DNA and what does it do?
Nanotech and Stem Cells
A summary of potential uses for nanotechnology in stem cell applications such as tracking and labeling, delivery and controlling the extracellular environment by creating artifical scaffolds or platforms for directing cell differentiation, migration and adhesion. Toxicity of nanoparticles to stem cells is also discussed.
Blastocyst
Blastocyst definition and a description of how embryos at this stage of development are used in stem cell research.
Transformation
Transformation refers to changes in the genetic makeup of a normal cell either through insertion of foreign DNA into a chromosome, or by an alteration that causes tumor cell-like behavior.
Liquid Crystals
Liquid crystal pharmaceuticals (LCPs) are drug delivery systems that use organic liquid crystals for safe drug delivery.
Dirty Electricity and Health
An interview with Dr. Magda Havas, a scientist from Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, and a world leader in research on the biological effects of exposure to dirty electricity.
Knockouts
Gene knockouts are useful tools for studying the causes of genetic diseases, but what exactly are they?
Career Opportunities
Publisher's Site This book is an excellent resource for science job seekers in all areas of the biotechnology
Pharmacokinetics Defined
Pharmacokinetics is defined as the study of the action of drugs or medicines in living organisms.
Why Stem Cells?
Stem cell research and regenerative medicine is a controversial bioethical issue in the biomedical field. Find out why doctors and scientists are excited about the future of stem cells and medicine.
GPCR Screening
Over a third of drugs target the same type of biological molecules--GPCRs. What are GPCRs and why are they important in drug discovery?
Designer Babies
Developments in stem cell research and in vitro techniques for reproduction have led us to the theory that sometime in the near future, wanna-be parents will be able to create designer babies with the specific traits they desire.
Nanotechnology
The term nano is defined as it relates to nanotechnology.
deCODE Genetics
The story of biotechnology company deCODE Genetics, formally a leader in human genome research and the discovery of genetic risk factors of disease.
Extremophiles
A definition for the term extremophile.
Tools for RFLP
Molecular techniques that make it possible to perform RFLP analysis.
Pluripotent
Definition for the term pluripotent as it relates to stem cells and their differentiation.
Genomics
Genomics is the name given to the study of whole genomes and takes advantage of bioinformatic methods such as arrays.
Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a DNA separation technique, but how does it work?
Hepatitis C
An explanation of the viral infection Hepatitis C including causes and symptoms of the disease.
Virtual Businesses
Virtual companies are formed using a business model that takes advantage of the availability of suitable contract organizations for outsourcing all aspects of the biotechnology business.
Helicos
A case study and company history of Helicos BioSciences Corporation, specialists in single molecule technology, sequencing by synthesis and the innovators of a technique for true single molecule sequencing.
Bioplastics
Like biomass plastics, bioplastics are made by fermentation of sugars obtained from plants, but bioplastics are biodegradable because their polymers are different from petroleum-derived plastics.
Used Lab Equipment
A list of resources and suggestions for finding used lab equipment.
Transgenic
Transgenic defined, in reference to genetically modified organisms and how they are altered.
Loading Agarose Gels
Quick tips for neatly loading DNA samples into agarose gels.
CSO
A definition for CSO as it applies to outsourcing and biotech service providers in the pharmaceutical industry.
XML Authoring
Why should biotech startups apply XML authoring to their data, document, and business management strategies from the very beginning, and what exactly does this mean?
IP
An explanation for IP as it relates to the biotechnology industry.
Germ Line Gene Therapy
As the first gene therapy approaches are nearing FDA approval, it is important to make the distinction between somatic cell and germ line genetic manipulation. Although therapies on sperm and egg cells have tremendous potential, they would require a much more thorough understanding than our current science possesses. Will germ line gene therapy ever be an option?
Genencor
Genencor is a biotechnology company specializing in industrial enzymes and environmentally-friendly processes. Their innovative approach to biofuel production has led to development of the Accellerase 1000 enzyme product which results in enhanced bioethanol production from cellulosic feedstocks.
Liposomes
Liposomes are phospholipid bilayers that have formed a closed vesicle. Polymeric micelles are a type of nanoparticle that can be used for drug delivery.
George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver was a pioneer of industrial and agricultural biotechnology, inventing numerous commercial uses for bioproducts obtained from peanuts, soybeans and other crops.
Parents in Grad School
Things to consider when making the decision whether to pursue graduate studies in biotechnology while in the process of raising a family.
Process Intensification
Process Intensification is an engineering term applied to process design, to improve sustainability, in the bioproducts manufacturing sector.
Sterile Freeze Drying
A handy new invention that makes it easier to avoid contamination and perform lyophilization (freeze drying) of cell cultures under sterile conditions.
Recombinant
Recombinant is a term used to describe a bioengineering technique which involves combining DNA strands from different origins.
Approaching a VC
Take a professional, organized approach when seeking venture capital investment funds for your startup biotech company.
Biomass Plastics
Biomass plastics are not petroleum products but are made from polymers during fermentation of sugars obtained from plants, but they are not always biodegradable.
Dr. Carver: Scientist
The history of biotechnology began with George Washington Carver, the first scientist to concentrate on the development of bioproducts.
Venture Capital
An explanation of venture capital.

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