These terms define the newest approaches to biotech/ biomedical research, made possible today by technological advances in computing and data processing.
1. Genomics
Genomics is the name given to the field of study and methods used for investigating whole genomes of organisms. In genomics, factors that control transcription are studied on a large scale using high throughput systems for detecting mRNA, called arrays. Advances in computing and high throughput technology allow the study of relationships between expression of various genes.
2. Glycomics
The glycome is the sum of all complex sugars produced by a living organism, thus the study of glycomics is the study of those sugars and glycan-conjugated molecules like glycoproteins and glycolipids. Glycan is another word for polysaccharide (chains of sugars). These polymers have many roles in cells including participating in intercellular communication. Glycans are also integral to holding tissues together as they occupy the space between cells and help provide protection and shape. Thus the study of glycomics is also an important part of tissue engineering.
3. Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of proteins on a large-scale, wherein the entire compliment of proteins in a cell is studied at once. This method identifies factors that control translation, or post-translational modifications.
4. Metabolomics
Metabolomics is the study of biochemical products of reactions. Research in this area can lead to biomarker discovery and increased knowledge of pharmacokinetics or the modes of action of toxins.